Caucasian rugs are known for bold, colorful, geometric and tribal designs. Main carpets are very rare , but not unknown. Certain Caucasian tribes are also revered for their Kilims and Jajims.

Notable regions include Moghan, Gendje, Shirvan, Baku, Daghestan, Lesghi, Talish, Zejwa, Karabagh, Bordjalou, Shulavar, Karachoff, Seishour, Perpedil, Karaghashli, Khonaghend ,and Akstafa.

Chinese rugs have always had a degree of subtlety to their design that makes them unique in the Oriental rug universe. Ning-xia is the most notable rug producing regions of China. Halfway between the Uighur’s regions of western China and the highly populated areas of the east, Ning-xia rugs closely fuse the styles of the 2 areas. The usually are of a yellow ground , with many eastern motifs.

Peking Carpets, largely produced between 1850 and 1900, were very influential in the Art Nouveau movement in Europe. Later, China became the center of production of rugs for the Art Deco era in the 1920’s and 1930s’.

Eastern Turkestan is the home to an ancient and influential Turkic tribe known as the Uighurs. The Uighurs, have long been associated with artwork, metal smithing, jade carving, pile weaving, diplomacy and education. Uighurs may have been the first Turkic tribe to develop literature. During the reign of Genghis Khan, Uighur script was made the official language of the Mongol empire.

Uighur pile carpets are renowned for the blending of influences. Uighur cities were stops on the Silk Road, connecting the trading centers of Asia with the cities of Bokhara and Samarkand, so the rugs combine influences from Chinese and Turkmen design sources. The colors are typically very bright and contrasting, yet achieve a strange harmony. Yellow, purple, orange, red, and green can be seen in a typical rug. Other Khotans feature ultra minimalist color schemes, probably meant for Chinese markets.

Cites of Uighur rug production are Khotan, Kashgar, and Yarkand.

The Kurds, long known for being the largest of the world’s ethnic groups without a state, straddle the borders or Turkey, Iraq , and Iran. They are widely dispersed, but have retained common motifs.

They are the great borrowers of the Persian rug world, integrating Tribal Persian, Caucasian, Turkmen, Western Turkish, and Baluch into fantastic yet simple designs.

They were integral in the weaving histories of a number of Persian weaving cities and regions. Kurdish populations are prevalent in Quchan (Khorason) , Senneh, Bijar, and other areas of north western Persia.

Persia is arguably the most influential of all rug weaving cultures, with the bulk of its rug production centered in the Turkic areas in the western part of the region. Some are traditional tribal weavings, but most are commercial city rugs meant for export. Along with Turkish Ushaks, Persian city carpets are the preferred main carpets of collector and designers the world over. Some notable cities of production are Tabriz, Heriz, Bakshaish, Serab, Karadja, Bijar, Teheran, Veramin, Sennah, Hamadan, Fereghan, Qum, Kirman, Isfahan and Mahal.

The Heriz district, which includes Karadja, Bakshaish, and Serab, and known under the trade name “Serapi”, is considered by many the most fascinating rug in the world. Each one similar, yet each one unique, it is the rug of choice for many interior designers and collectors.

Some Prominent tribes of Persia include the Shahshavand, Qashqai, Chamseh Federation, Baluch, and the Azeri.

Turkic people first moved into Anatolia in the 13th century on the heels of Mongol conquest. They settled there, and brought thousands of years of central Asian culture into direct contact with the west.

The first documented evidence of Turkish carpets in Europe was in the paintings of 16th century German artist Hans Holbein. Those paintings illustrate that Turkish carpets were very sought after possessions of the European aristocracy.

Turkish Carpets run the gamut of rug types, including decorative main rugs intended for export to European markets, prayer rugs, traditional tribal weavings, and bold, colorful flat weaves.

Possibly the most famous and prized of all antique decorative carpets is the Ushak main carpet, hailing from the city of that name. Prayer rugs of Turkey are also highly sought after, having incredibly bold , rich, colors with fantastic contrast. Notable types are Ladik, Konya, Ghiordes, Murcur, Meles, and Kirsehir.

Western tribal Turkish rugs stand out in great contrast to the Turkish city rugs. They bear far more resemblance to Kurdish, Caucasian, and even Turkmen rugs.

Turkish rugs are known for light, harmoniously matched colors, and a thick, coarse weave. Turks are also famed for their flat weave “kilims”, which bare eerie resemblances to Navajo and other Native American weavings.

Evidence suggests that the Turko-Mongolian people of central Asia have been weaving pile rugs for over 3000 years. Their traditional lands, known as Turkestan, stretched from the Caspian Sea to north eastern Central Asia.

The area of Western Turkestan, that stretches from North western Iran to Uzbekistan, and southeast into Afghanistan, is home to a number of Turkic nomadic and semi-nomadic people collectively known as the Turkmen.

The area of Western Turkestan, that stretches from North western Iran to Uzbekistan, and southeast into Afghanistan, is home to a number of Turkic nomadic and semi-nomadic people collectively known as the Turkmen.

Before Russian and Soviet occupation, most Turkmen identified themselves as members of various tribal confederations. They include the Tekke, the Ersari, the Yomud, the Chaudor (a Yomut sub-tribe), the Salor, the Saryk, and the Kyzil Azak (an Ersari sub-tribe).

Being Nomads, a vast amount of effort was put into the act of moving. Turkmen are famous for bags or all kinds. They had bags for luggage, tents (“chuvals”), and salt bags.

Most Turkmen weavings have similar yet distinctive motifs, which is the primary reason why Turkmen weaving have the most critical study dedicated to their correct categorization. Color-wise, they tend vary from red, to reddish/brown, to brown/purple, to merlot.

Notable cities of rug production in the region are the famous Silk Road city of Bokhara and the Amu Dayra river city of Beshir. Rugs of the Beshir region have a fanatical base of collectors.